An Improved Mnemonic Device for Thermodynamic Relations

An improved mnemonic device for thermodynamic relations between state variables and potentials was proposed in the form of a thermodynamic circle. Based on separating the Born square into an inner square (T, P, V, and S) and an outer circle (G, A, U, and H), relations such as Legendre transforms, Maxwell equations, equations to compute variables, and differential equations for thermodynamic variables can be recalled easily. The thermodynamic circle has a cross-arrow at its center and can be used to intuitively determine the sign of all thermodynamic relations.