Graft Failure of Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation due to Acute Metabolic Acidosis Associated with Total Parenteral Nutrition in a Patient with Relapsed Breast Cancer

A 32-year-old female had been diagnosed as having relapsed breast cancer and liver metastasis. She under-went high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) with 5.8 x 10(power6)/kg CD34+ cells. She was supported by total parenteral nutrition (TPN) without vitamins throughout these therapies. Hematopoietic recovery was not observed by day 28 after PBSCT, necessitating a second PBSCT on day 29 using the back-up material of 4.4 x 10(power6)/kg CD34+ cells. On the next day, she suddenly developed severe metabolic acidosis, heart failure and deep coma. After immediate infusion of thiamine, heartfailure and coma rapidly improved. The neutrophil count reached 0.5 x 10(power9)/I on day 9 and the platelet count 50 x 10(power9)/I on day 15 after the second PBSCT. This is a rare graft failure due to acute metabolic acidosis or thiamine deficiency associated with TPN.