Studies on the ovarian response to the season, local ecology and exogenous hormonal therapy in dromedary camels

To observe the seasonal reproductive pattern of female camels in response to hormonal therapy, 24 adult, active, non-pregnant and non-lactating female one-humped camels from three districts of Punjab (Faisalabad (n=12), Bhakkar (n=6) and Attock (n=6)) were selected. The blood samples were collected at one-day intervals for one month during each season for progesterone assessment. To induce ovulation, Buserlin® (5 ml IV) was given to camels in winter, and pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (Folligon®) at 3 ml IM in summer. Results revealed that the period of sexual activity started earlier in November and extended even up to April at Attock as compared to other zones. Breeding behaviour signs were more intense at Attock and Bhakkar as compared to Faisalabad in the autumn and spring seasons. Serum progesterone concentrations were significantly (P<0.05) higher in winter and spring in allfemale camels. Ultrasonographic studies revealed that prominent follicles on both ovaries were present, their size was increased, and the uterine tone was also higher in winter and spring as compared to summer and autumn. Ultrastructural studies revealed a significantly higher value of the thickness of the granulosa cell layer of secondary and tertiary follicles in both left and right ovaries in winter as compared to summer. In summary, breeding activity in female camels extended from autumn till the end of spring as exhibited by behavioural signs, hormonal profile and microscopic studies.