Phytoremidiation of Heavy Metals Using Mangroves

Mangroves are able to accumulate and have a high tolerance to heavy metals so that those trees can be used as phytoremidiation purpose (phytostabilization). This study was conducted to determine metal phytoremidiation potential of mangroves based on accumulation and translocation of heavy metals in coastal areas. A total of 10 of mangrove trees (4 species) at 4 stasions in HLAK and SMMA were taken and analyzed. Heavy metal divided into two such as essential (Cu and Zn) and non essential (Pb). Based on phycochemical analysis both of water and sediment,our result showed that mangroves grow on normal condition for estuarine ecosystem (pH 7.10-7.46; temperature 28.5-30 °C; salinity 2-6‰; dissolved oxygen 0.71-1.42 mg.L^-1 dan humidity of sediment 10-30%). Concentration of Zn in sediment was higher than Cu and Pb, but in roots and leaves Pb was higher than Zn and Cu. Biological accumulation coefficient (BAC=ratio of leaf metal to sediment metal concentration), biological transfer coefficient (BTC= ratio of leaf metal to root concentration) and bioconcentration factor (BCF= ratio of root metal to sediment metal concentration) for non essential is higher than essential. BAC, BTC and BCF Pb metal were 0.84-1.10, 0.84-1.15 and 0.91-1.09, respectively. While value of BAC, BTC and BCF for Cu and Zn were adalah 0.02-0.13 0.12-0.25, 0.17-082 0.56-1.11 and 0.09-0.17 0.13-0.25, respectively. For phytoremidiation purposes, mangroves are perhaps best employed as phytostabilisers. Result of calculation FTD showed that species of Sonneratia caseolaris 3 can be used as mangrove criterion for phytoremidiation.