Author/Authors :
Hussain, Riaz University of Science and Technology - Dept of Botany, Pakistan , Wazir, Sultan Mehmood University of Science and Technology - Department of Botany, Pakistan , Ullah, Rehman University of Science and Technology - Department of Botany, Pakistan
Abstract :
Fifty (50) weed species belonging to 43 genera and 20 different families were collected from the Gram fields of Tehsil Serai Naurang during 2013-14. The leading families were Asteraceae and Poaceae with 6 species (12%) each, the runners were Boraginaceae and Papilionaceae having five species (10%) each, Brassicaceae contributed 8% with four species while Solanaceae, Zygophylaceae and Caryophylaceae had 3 species each (6%). Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Fumariaceae contained two species each (4%). Asphodelaceae, Azoaceae, Convulvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Cyperaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Plantaginaceae, Polygonaceae and Umbilifereae had only one species each (2%). According to the percentage of genera, Papilionaceae and Poaceae were with five genera (11.2%). Asteraceae, Boraginaceae and Brassicacea made 9.3% each and had four genera while Zygophylaceae had 3 genera (7%). Amaranthaceae, Solanaceae, Caryophylaceae, and Fumariaceae contribution was 4.7% each and had two genera. Asphodelaceae, Azoaceae, Chenopodiaceae Convulvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Cyperaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Plantaginaceae, Polygonaceae and Umbilifereae included only one Genus each (2.3%). The weeds data in gram fields revealed that Monocots were from three families (15%), eight genera (16.2%) and eight species (16%) while dicots were represented by 17 families (85%), 36 genera (36.8%) and 42 species (84%). The most abundant weeds were Astragalus bakaliensis Bunge, Trigonella spp., Asphodelus teunifolius Caven, Medicago monantha (C.A.Mey.) Trautv., Trigonella incise, Medicago denticulata, Silene arenosa C. Koch, Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke, Poa supina Schrad., Psamogeton biternatum and Onosma chitrallichum. Among these Astragalus bakaliensis Bunge, Trigonella sp., Asphodelus teunifolius Caven, Psamogeton biternatum, Onosma chitrallichum were the most problematic because of intra specific competition, abundant seed production, drought tolerance ability and seed dispersal mechanisms.
