eradication of forest fire and land through the application of criminal sanctions in law no. 32 of 2009

forest and land damage in indonesia has reached 43 million hectares per year. in general, this is due to unsustainable large-scale exploitation and ecological insufficiency of forest resources for the purpose of harvesting forest products, clearing plantation land and for other purposes such as mining. the problem of forest and land damage as described above is exacerbated by forest and land burning activities as a result of land clearing through burning. the burning of this forest and land has caused smoke pollution, which contributes to global warming and climate change, which in turn has placed its own burden and disturbance on the forest ecosystem.