Title of article :
The Structural, Physical, and In Vitro Biological Performance of Freshly Mixed and Set Endodontic Sealers
Author/Authors :
Talal Khan, Muhammad Department of Dental Biomaterials - Baktawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan, Pakistan , Moeen, Faisal Department of Dental Materials - Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan , Zaman Safi, Sher Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials - COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan , Said, Farrukh Department of Dental Materials - Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan , Mansoor, Afsheen Department of Dental Materials - Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan , Khan, Abdul Department of Restorative Dental Sciences - College of Dentistry -Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Abstract :
The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro performance of endodontic sealers in their
freshly mixed and set forms.
Methods: The commercially used endodontic sealers (AH Plus, Dia-ProSeal, GuttaFlow 2, and Pulpdent Root
Canal Sealer) were investigated and the chemical structure of freshly mixed and set sealers were assessed
with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The surface morphology and elemental analysis were
assessed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
The pH and solubility analysis were performed and the cytotoxicity was done on extracts of freshly mixed
and set materials using Alamar blue assay. One way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey analysis was used to do multiple comparison analysis of the mean values and standard deviation results through SPSS version 20 (IBM
Software, NY, USA) for pH, solubility, and cytotoxicity analysis.
Results: FTIR analysis revealed the structural pattern and the difference in freshly mixed and set samples was
observed with the change in intensities of the peaks. The morphological pattern revealed the presence of
micro/nano-particles with pores distributed throughout their structure. The sealer with the least solubility
was AH Plus (0.10±0.01) followed by Dia-ProSeal (0.77±0.25), GuttaFlow 2 (1.88±0.82) and Pulpdent Root
Canal Sealer (3.03±0.18). The solubility of AH plus was significantly lower (P<0.05) in comparison to GuttaFlow 2 and Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer. The highest pH (10.09±0.034) in the freshly mixed state and highest
cytotoxicity in the freshly mixed (70.08±5.852) and set sealers (83.87±5.409) (P<0.05) at day 7 was observed
in Dia-ProSeal. GuttaFlow 2 was the most biocompatible sealer in the set state and AH Plus was the most
biocompatible sealer in the freshly mixed state at day 7.
Conclusion: Clinically, the sealer is applied in fresh state, whereby this study signifies that which material is
more biocompatible in fresh state and provides insight information to clinicians. AH Plus showed least solubility and cytocompatibility in fresh state compared to other groups.
Keywords :
Endodontic sealers , cytotoxicity , morphology , pH , solubility
