A Monte Carlo simulation and dosimetric verification of physical wedges used in radiation therapy

Background: The presence of a wedge filter in the beam trajectory can modify the beam quality and cause some changes in the dosimetry parameters which are usually difficult to be measured directly and accurately. Material and Methods: In this study the MCNP-4C Monte Carlo code was used to simulate the 9 MV photon beam generated by a linear accelerator. Upon getting a good agreement between the Monte Carlo simulated and measured dose distribution in open fields, the model was used to simulate the physical wedges. The steel wedges with angles from 15º-60º were modeled and the primary and the secondary photon beams were calculated. The beam profiles and wedges factors were calculated for each wedge. The output factors were determined for 45 wedge. The calculated data were compared with the measured values of the same parameters. Results: The results showed that the use of wedges reduced the fluencies of the primary and scattered photons and also increased the average energy of the primary and the scattered photons. The agreement between the calculated and the measured data was better than 2% for all wedges. The results also showed that as the wedge angle increased, the electron contami- nation of photon beam decreased. Conclusion: The presence of a wedge in a 9 MV photon beam alters the primary and the scattered components generated by a linear accelerator. The simulated linac machine and its associated data can be used to predict the dose distribution in other complex fields.