DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY KILNS FOR PRODUCTION OF CHARCOAL

The aim of this study is to develop an environment friendly kiln to reduce emissions and the energy used in the operation of carbonization. The studied factors are two types of wood were used namely “casuarina and citrus” with different moisture- contents of 6.8 and13.1% at pyrolysis temperatures of 300, 350,400 and 450 ᵒC. The main results in this study can be summarized in the following points: The maximum charcoal yield of 50.38 % was obtained with casuarina wood moisture-content of 6.8 % and kiln temperature of 300 ᵒC. Meanwhile, the minimum charcoal yield of 32.14 %. was obtained with wood moisture-content of 13.08 % and kiln temperature of 450 ᵒC. The maximum CO_2 of 17082 mg/m³ was obtained using emission treatment by burning at kiln temperature of 350 ᵒC. Moreover, the minimum CO_2 of 2044.8 mg/m³ was obtained using emission treatment by burning and chemicals at kiln temperature of 50 ᵒC. The maximum CO of 1859.3 mg/m³ was obtained without emission treatment at kiln temperature of 350 ᵒC. Moreover, the minimum CO of 156.9 mg/m³ was obtained using emission treatment by burning and chemicals at kiln temperature of 50 ᵒC. The highest charcoal production-cost of 9.84 L.E./kg of was obtained by using “burning + chemical” emissions-treatment at kiln temperature of 450 ᵒC and moisture content of 13.08 %. Meanwhile, the minimum production cost of 3.21 L.E./kg was obtained by using burning emissions-treatment of kiln temperature of 300 ᵒC and moisture content of 6.8%.