Induction of Interleukin-18 in Atherosclerotic Patients: A Role for Chlamydia pneumoniae

Objectives: The present work explored gene expression and spontaneous induction of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-18 (IL-18) in atherosclerotic patients. In addition, the effect of the chlamydial antigen heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the induction ofthis mediator was examined. Subjects and Methods: Detection of IL-18 mRNA and protein level were assessed by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively, in 15 patients with coronary artery disease undergoing angiograms and 15 matching controls. Results: These experiments showed significantly high levels of spontaneously expressed IL-18 mRNA and high protein levels in patientscompared to healthy controls (p ! 0.0005). Cells stimulated with chlamydial HSP60 (CHSP60) and LPS showed a significantly high expression of IL-18 at the mRNA level (p 0.0005 for CHSP60 and p 0.005 for LPS) and an increased production of IL-18 at protein level (p 0.0005 for CHSP60 and p 0.005 for LPS). Conclusion: This study demonstrated de novo synthesis of the inflammatory cytokine IL-18 in atherosclerosis and, furthermore, that chlamydial antigens might play a role in the immunopathological events in this disease by generating more inflammatory mediators such as IL-18.