Parkinson’s Disease: A Review of Its Prevalence, Risk Factors and Latest Human’s Embryonic Stem Cell Technique for its Treatment

Background: Parkinson’s disease is a motor system disorder condition having a negative impression on both the patient’s quality of life as well as on their caretakers. The symptoms of the disease emerge due to the loss of certain neurons (which results in the production of dopamine) in the substantia nigra in the mid brain. The four primary symptoms of PD are collectively termed as “TRAP” i.e. trembling or tremors (arms, legs, jaws and face) at rest, rigidity, akinesa and postural instability. As these symptoms turn out to be more prominent, patients may have trouble in their usual walk, talk or completing other simple household tasks. PD affects about 1% of the total population over the age of 60. The exact cause of PD is still unknown yet the researchers are continuously trying to investigate the probable origin of the disease. There are presently no blood or laboratory assessments that have been demonstrated to help in diagnosing periodic PD. Therefore the diagnosis is based on medical history and a neurological scrutiny. Physician’s recommendation of brain scans or laboratory tests is usually for the ruling out other diseases. Objectives: The objective of the current literature review is to highlight the prevalence, causes and evidence based recommendations for the management of early uncomplicated PD. The review also showed the role of human embryonic stem cells to generate dopamine cells which have a similar function and properties like the natural one.