Solitonic Effects of the Local Electromagnetic Field on Neuronal Microtubules

Current wisdom in classical neuroscience suggests that the only direct action of the electric field in neurons is upon voltage-gated ion channels which open and close their gates during the passage of ions. The intraneuronal biochemical activities are thought to be modulated indirectly either by entering into the cytoplasmic ions that act as second messengers or via linkage to the ion channels enzymes. In this paper we present a novel possibility for the subneuronal processing of information by cytoskeletal microtubule tubulin tails and we show that the local electromagnetic field supports information that could be converted into specific protein tubulin tail conformational states. Long-range collective coherent behavior of the tubulin tails could be modelled in the form of solitary waves such as sine-Gordon kinks, antikinks or breathers that propagate along the microtubule outer surface, and the tubulin tail soliton collisions could serve as elementary computational gates that control cytoskeletal processes. The biological importance of the presented model is due to the unique biological enzymatic energize action of the tubulin tails, which is experimentally verified for controlling the sites of microtubule-associated protein attachment and the kinesin transport of post-Golgi vesicles.