Pediatric nephrolithiasis in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan

Objective: To determine the frequency of various stone types in children less than 15 years of age. Methodology: In this cross sectional study, data and stone samples were collected from 145 patients admitted in tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar. Chemical composition of stones was identified using DiaSys urinary calculi analysis kit. Data was analyzed through SPSS version 16.0. Results: Mean age of the children was 7.37+ 4.1 years. Stone formation was more common in males (M/F1.5:1). Family history was present in 44.14% patients. Majority (32.4%) of renal stones were heterogeneous in composition. Pure calcium oxalate was present in 26.2% stones. Calcium oxalate was the principal constituent in 98% stone samples, followed by calcium phosphate (58.6%), ammonium urate (45.5%) and uric acid (4.13%). Conclusion: Majority of renal stones were heterogeneous in composition with calcium oxalate as a principal constituent. Family history may be a strong indicator of stone formation.