Author/Authors :
Rezende Delgado, Ronan Jacques Department of Biological Sciences - Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil , Ramos PINHEIRO, Claudia Department of Biological Sciences - Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil , GASPAROTO, Thaís Helena Department of Biological Sciences - Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil , Renata SIPERT, Carla Department of Restorative Dentistry Discipline of Endodontics - Dental School - University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil , Gomes de MORAES, Ivaldo Department of Operative Dentistry Endodontics and Dental Materials - Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil , Brandão GARCIA, Roberto Department of Operative Dentistry Endodontics and Dental Materials - Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil , Monteiro BRAMANTE, Clóvis Department of Operative Dentistry Endodontics and Dental Materials - Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil , BERNARDINELI, Norberti Department of Operative Dentistry Endodontics and Dental Materials - Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil , Kenji NISHIYAMA, Celso Endodontics Division Scientific Coordinator of Endodontics Specialty - Dentistry Postgraduate Center, CPO Uningá, Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil , Santana da SILVA, João Department of Biochemistry and Immunology - School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto – University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil , Aparecido TORRES, Sérgio Department of Biological Sciences - Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil , Pompermaier GARLET, Gustavo Department of Biological Sciences - Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil , CAMPANELLI, Ana Paula Department of Biological Sciences - Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
Abstract :
Objective: This study aimed to examine programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on leukocytes from chronic apical periodontitis, and to determine the levels of cytokines in the apical periodontitis lesions.
Methods: Leukocytes from healthy gingival tissue (n=16) and chronic apical periodontitis (n=10) were evaluated using flow cytometry. The PD-1 and PDL-1 expressions were evaluated using flow cytometry. The cytokine levels were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The statistical significance level was set at P<0.05.
Results: Results showed that the apical periodontitis lesions are more infiltrated by PD-1+ and PDL1+ lymphocytes than the control samples. In addition, the PDL-1 expression was detected on macrophages in the apical periodontitis lesions, and was significantly higher compared to leukocytes from healthy gingival tissue. The IFN-γ, TGF-β, IL-10, and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in the apical periodontitis lesions compared to control samples.
Conclusion: The PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 molecules are evident in apical periodontitis, and can be an important immune checkpoint in chronic periapical periodontitis.
