Smart city: A review on concepts, definitions, standards, experiments, and challenges

Nowadays, the negative effects of greenhouse gas emission, air pollution, and global warming have been increased exponentially due to population growth, especially in urban areas. To handle urbanization with minimal environmental pollution, the smart city concept has been introduced and extended significantly. Worldwide concerns on social welfare and lifestyle quality are the other important reasons that motivate cities to become smarter and more intelligent. The smart cities try to promote economic growth and improve the quality of life by providing regional development and technology utilization, especially smart-based technologies by using information and communication technology and services. In this paper, it is attempted to present the definitions, concepts, and standards to make the necessary arrangements and involved challenges in smart cities focusing on the power system requirements. Finally, by reviewing some proposed frameworks regarding the smartization road map, a sample road-map is described, especially in pioneer smart cities around the world.