A State of the Art Review of the Finite Element Modelling of Rolling Tyres

This paper is devoted to review of the publications on the finite element modelling of rolling tyres performed during the past two decades. Starting with the description of the scope and motivation behind this work, a brief history of the finite element modelling of tyres is given. Then, a comprehensive review on the published works on modelling techniques of the simulation of the rolling tyres is presented. The applied aspects of the subject including the energy loss (rolling resistance) and temperature prediction, interaction between tyre and road, noise, failure, and stability are considered too. It is then followed by introducing the most applied computer codes available in the numerical and computational market. A summary on the published works with particular focus to compare different developed methods and especially the current situation of the applied aspect of the finite element modelling of rolling tyres are presented and discussed. Finally, a conclusion with some remarks is drawn.