Polymorphism of Protein Fractions as Biochemical Markers for Identification of Wheat Varieties

The electrophoretic banding patterns of gliadin, albumin and globulin in wheat varieties grown in Sulaimanyah were determined by acid-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Acid-PAGE) and Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The varieties of bread wheat used in the study showed 21 different patterns: six of them were identified to be corresponding to Ω-gliadin, three to the γ-gliadin, six to the β-gliadin, and other six to the α-gliadin. The gliadin patterns of wheat bread varieties greatly differed from the patterns of Italian wheat variety (Costantino), and the variation detected in wheat varieties from Sulaimanyah was limited to forty seven patterns. Only Tammuz showed the presence of gamma 47. The gliadin gamma 47 is only genetic markers for technological properties in wheat. The electrophoretic banding patterns showed variations between the bread wheat varieties. The highest value of similarity was observed between the varieties Cham 4 and Cham 6 for gliadin analysis. The gliadin pattern revealed more polymorphisms than the albumin and globulin pattern. On the other hand, in durum wheat varieties, two types of omega gliadin: omega gliadin 33 and 35 and two types of gamma gliadin were found: gamma gliadin 42 and gamma gliadin 45. A total of 84 band patterns were identified (durum wheat), of which 2 different mobility bands were in the region of omega gliadins, 1 in the region of gamma gliadins, 2 in the region of beta gliadin and 2 in the region of alpha gliadins. Genetic diversity index was highest in Creso Kurde and followed by Ovanto