CDK9 Expression Shows Role as a PotentialPrognostic Biomarker in Breast Cancer Patients Who Fail toAchieve Pathologic Complete Response afterNeoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Failure to achieve pathologic complete response is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients following neoadjuvantchemotherapy (NACT). However, prognostic biomarkers for clinical outcome are unclear in this patient population. Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) is often dysregulated in breast cancer, and its deficiency results in genomic instability. We reviewedthe records of 84 breast cancer patients from Emory University’s Winship Cancer Institute who had undergone surgical resectionafter NACT and had tissue available for tissue microarray analysis (TMA). Data recorded included disease presentation, treatment,pathologic response, overall survival (OS), locoregional recurrence free survival (LRRFS), distant-failure free survival (DFFS),recurrence-free survival (RFS), and event-free survival (EFS). Immunohistochemistry was performed on patient samples todetermine CDK9 expression levels after NACT. Protein expression was linked with clinical data to determine significance. In aCox proportional hazards model, using a time-dependent covariate to evaluate the risk of death between groups beyond 3 years,high CDK9 expression was significantly associated with an increase in OS (HR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.07-0.98, p=0.046). However, Kaplan-Meier curves for OS, LRRFS, DFFS, RFS, and EFS did not reach statistical significance. The results of this study indicate that CDK9may have a potential role as a prognostic biomarker in patients with breast cancer following NACT. However, further validationstudies with increased sample sizes are needed to help elucidate the prognostic role for CDK9 in the management of these patients.