Author/Authors :
Oualla, Karima Medical Oncology Department - Hassan II University Hospital - Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University - Fes, Morocco , Kassem, Loay Clinical Oncology Department - Kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine - Cairo University - Giza, Egypt , Nouiakh, Lamiae Medical Oncology Department - Hassan II University Hospital - Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University - Fes, Morocco , Amaadour, Lamiae Medical Oncology Department - Hassan II University Hospital - Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University - Fes, Morocco , Benbrahim, Zineb Medical Oncology Department - Hassan II University Hospital - Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University - Fes, Morocco , Arifi, Samia Medical Oncology Department - Hassan II University Hospital - Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University - Fes, Morocco , Mellas, Nawfel Medical Oncology Department - Hassan II University Hospital - Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University - Fes, Morocco
Abstract :
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and
human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). It accounts for 15%–20% of all breast cancers and is associated with an
aggressive evolution and poor outcomes with the majority of recurrences and deaths occurring in the first 5 years.
Chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment in the absence of effective targets, but the good understanding of immune
tumor microenvironment, the identification of immune-related targets, and the role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in
TNBC has allowed to develop promising immunotherapeutic strategies for this unique subset of breast cancer. Recently,
immunotherapy is being extensively explored in TNBC and clinical trials have shown promising results. In this article, we tried
to explain the rationale and mechanisms of targeting the immune system in TNBC, to report the results from recent clinical
trials that put immunotherapy as a new standard of care in TNBC in addition to ongoing trials and future directions in the next decade.
