Title of article :
Fluoride Concentration in Potable Groundwater in Rural Areas of Khaf City, Razavi Khorasan Province, Northeastern Iran
Author/Authors :
Amouei, AI babol university of medical sciences - School of Public Health - Department of Social Medicine, ايران , Mahvi, AH tehran university of medical sciences tums - School of Public Health and Center for Environmental Research - Dept of Environmental Health Engineering, تهران, ايران , Mohammadi, AA babol university of medical sciences - School of Public Health - Department of Environmental Health Engineering, ايران , Asgharnia, HA babol university of medical sciences - School of Public Health - Department of Environmental Health Engineering, ايران , Fallah, SH babol university of medical sciences - School of Public Health - Department of Environmental Health Engineering, ايران , Khafajeh, AA Water and Wastewater Company, ايران
Abstract :
Long-term exposure to high concentrations of fluoride is associated with several adverse effects on human including dental and skeletal fluorosis. We studied all the groundwater wells located in rural areas of Khaf city, Razavi Province, northeastern Iran between 2009 and 2010. Fluoride concentration of water samples was measured by SPADNS method. We found that in rural areas the fluoride concentration ranged from 0.11 to 3.59 ppm—the level was less than the permissible limit in 31% of studied samples, higher than the permissible limit in 4% of the samples, and within the optimum limit of 1 to 1.5 ppm in 65% of water samples.
Keywords :
Fluorides , Groundwater , Fluorosis, dental
Journal title :
The International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (IJOEM)
Journal title :
The International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (IJOEM)
