Candidemia in pediatric burn patients: Risk factors and outcomes in a retrospective cohort study

Background and Purpose: Despite advances in burn care and management, infections are still a major contributor to morbidity and mortality rates in patients with burn injuries. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and importance of candidemia in pediatric burn patients. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from the patients and cultured in an automated blood culture system. Candida species were identified using specific culture media. The relationship between candidemia and possible risk factors was evaluated and compared to a control group. Results: A total of 71 patients with the mean age of 4.52±3.63 years were included in the study. Blood cultures showed candidemia in 19 (27%) patients. Based on the results, C. albicans was the most common fungus among patients with and without candidemia. The results of statistical analysis also showed that candidemia was significantly correlated with total body surface area (TBSA), mechanical ventilation, duration of total parenteral nutrition, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, presence of neutropenia, and R-Baux score (all P≤0.001). In this regard, TBSA, length of ICU stay, R-Baux score, and Candida score were identified as the determinant factors for mortality due to candidemia. Conclusion: Candidemia increases the mortality and morbidity rates associated with burn injuries. Prompt diagnostic and prevention measures can reduce the unfortunate outcomes via controlling the possible risk factors.