A Clinico-Biochemical Study of Diazepam as a Preanesthetic in Combination with Various Anesthetics During Orchidectomy in Dogs

Dog has been a companion animal for humans since years. Being kept in a variety of environments dogs are prone to injuries, wounds and trauma that might require the use of anesthesia to repair and treat the animals. Injectable anesthetics are preferred over inhalant anesthetics in animals as the later require a complicated technique and mechanical instruments. So, the injectable anesthetics are preferred in dogs. Diazepam with Propofol and Diazepam with Ketamine HCl are important anesthetic combinations for induction. Ketamine HCl is a type of dissociative anesthesia has been used for years. Propofol unaided is used as general anesthesia and causes rapid induction provide sedation during anesthesia. To overcome the apnea caused by alone Propofol can be overcome by using combination of Diazepam with Propofol. At present, Diazepam with Ketamine HCl combination can also be used for better results. A total of 12 clinically healthy mongrel dogs were arranged and kept in experimental shed at Surgery Teaching Hospital University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Ravi Campus, Pattoki. The dogs were placed in two group i-e. Group A and B. the animals were housed under normal conditions for duration of one week. Each dog of group A was administered Diazepam (Valium 2ml; Martin Dow Pharmaceuticals (Pak) LTD) with Propofol (Propofol 20ml; Sandoz Limited, Germany) combination (dose: Diazepam 0.2-0.5 mg/kg of b. wt. and Propofol 5 mg/kg of b. wt.) while each dog of group B was administered Diazepam (Valium 2ml; Martin Dow Pharmaceuticals (Pak) LTD) with Ketamine HCl (Ketamine Hydrochloride 10ml; West ward Pharmaceuticals, USA) combination (dose: Diazepam 0.2-0.5 mg/kg of b. wt. and Ketamine HCl 10-15 mg/kg of b. wt.). Physical parameters like temperature, pulse and respiration, Clinical Parameters like Palpebral reflexes, Pedal withdrawal reflex, degree of analgesia, degree of sedation, induction of anesthesia and ease of recovery was evaluated at different time intervals. LFTs (ALP, AST, ALT and TB) and RFTs (Creatinine and BUN) were performed to find out the effect of anesthesia on liver and kidney. Orchidectomy in dogs was performed after the anesthesia has been achieved and then the post-operative care was done for 5 days after surgery. It is concluded from this research that Diazepam with Ketamine HCl shows an ideal, safe, cost effective and easily available anesthetic with minimal hazards to perform minor and major surgical exercises on small animals