Title of article :
Effect of Sewage Water Irrigation on Accumulation ofMetals in Soil and Wheat in Punjab, Pakistan
Author/Authors :
Iqbal Khan, Zafar Department of Botany - University of Sargodha - Sargodha, Pakistan , Ahmad, Kafeel Department of Botany - University of Sargodha - Sargodha, Pakistan , Rehman, Sidrah Department of Botany - University of Sargodha - Sargodha, Pakistan , Ashfaq, Asma Department of Botany - University of Sargodha - Sargodha, Pakistan , Mehmood, Naunain Department of Zoology - University of Sargodha - Sargodha, Pakistan , Ugulu, Ilker Faculty of Education - Uşak University - Uşak, Turkey , Dogan, Yunus Dokuz Eylul University - Izmir, Turkey
Abstract :
The aim of this study was to determine the levels of potential toxic metals;cadmium (Cd),chromium (Cr), copper (Cu),iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb)in the wheat variety(Fsd-2008) irrigated by sewage water.Various indices were examined such as bioconcentrationfactor, enrichment factor and health risk index in order to better understand the transportandaccumulation of metals through the food chain. Seeds of wheat variety were sown toward the endof October 2014 and flooded with different combinations of local sewage water and groundwater.Determination of metal concentration in soil and wheat sampleswas carried out by atomicabsorption spectrophotometer.Analysis of mean metal concentration in soil that was irrigated byfive different water treatments revealed that the mean concentration of Cd was less inthesoil oftreatment III, IV and V. Resultsalso indicated that the mean concentrations of Cd, Cu and Crincreased and that of Ni and Pb decreased by sewage water irrigation.
Keywords :
Triticum aestivum , Heavy metal , Soil , Sewage water , Contamination level , Health risk
Journal title :
Pakistan Journal of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry
