Hepatorenal and Testicular Functions Concomitant with Induced Hypo and Hyperprolactinemia in Male Rats

This study aimed to investigate early effects of induced hypo and hyperprolactinemia on hepatorenal and testicular functions in rats. Sixty mature male Albino rats were equally divided into 3 groups; control, hypoprolactinaemic (HypoP) and hyperprolactinaemic (HyperP). Treatments continued for one month then individual blood samples were subjected to estimate prolactin “PRL” and testosterone “T” hormones, liver aspartate aminotransferase “AST”, alanine aminotransferase “ALT” and bilirubin as well as kidney functions and malondialdehyde “MDA”. Testes were weighed to calculate gonadosomatic index (GSI) and individual semen samples were collected for semen evaluation. Tissue samples were obtained for histopathology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). HypoP or hyperP did not change GSI and kidney functions. hypoP increased AST and ALT while hyperP increased AST, ALT, bilirubin and MDA with drop in T level and increased sperm abnormalities. Histopathology revealed mild degeneration in liver, kidneys and testes of hypoP while hyperP showed moderate degeneration in these organs. By TEM, the liver of hypoP displayed nearly normal structure, while in hyperP liver appeared with bundles of collagen fibers, ITO cells and swelling of mitochondria. Kidneys of hypoP showed mild degeneration while hyperP revealed bundles of collagen fibers periglomerular and swelling of mitochondria. It appears that hypoP has minimal effects on liver functions without affecting kidney and testicular functions. Excess PRL is considered a stressor resulting in elevation of MDA with deleterious influence on liver, kidney and testes functions.