EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES an‎d LAND FORMS OF SOUTH WEST RAZZAZA LAKE-CENTRAL IRAQ

Land forms are a result from interaction between lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. Lithosphere composed of lithologic units and the main units of the studyarea are: limestone, marl, marley limestone, sandstone, pebbly sandstone, mudstone, claystone and secondary gypsum in addition to Quaternary sediments. Landforms of the study area can be subdivided according to theirorigin into many units: 1-Structural-denudational: plateau, mesas, hills, cliffs and wadis; 2-Denudational: desert pavement and mushroom rock;3-Mass movements; 4-Solution: lake, salt marsh, piping caves; 5-Springs; 6-Fluvial: terraces, alluvial fan, infilled wadi, flood plain; 7-Drainage units; 8-Evaporational: sabkha, secondary gypsum; 9-Aeolian: sand dune and sand sheets; 10-Biogenic: Agamidae caves, wasp nest and termite nest; and 11-anthropogenic origin.