Muhammad Abduh’s Thought on Muhammadiyah Educational Modernism: Tracing the Influence in Its Early Development

This article originally attempts to particularly find an answer whether the Muslim educational reforms introduced by the Muhammadiyah movement in Indonesia influenced by the ideas of 'Abduh. The results concluded the Muhammadiyah's educational reform programs were to a significant extent influenced by 'Abduh and founded on ideas which were undeniably similar to the ideas of 'Abduh. This suggests that the reform shows traces of a probable but unquantifiable influence of ‘Abduh and that this reform is certainly, at the very least, a reflection of ‘Abduh’s pervasive influence throughout the larger world of Islam.