Author/Authors :
Jerkic, Silvija-Pera Division for Allergy Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis - Department for Children and Adolescence - Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany , Brinkmann, Folke Department of Paediatric Pneumology - Children’s Hospital - Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany , Calder, Alistair Radiology Department - Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK , Casey, Alicia Boston Childrens Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA , Dishop, Megan Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine - Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, USA , Griese, Matthias Department of Pediatric Pneumology - Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital LMU Munich - German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany , Kurland, Geoffrey Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine Allergy and Immunology - Department of Pediatrics - University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA , Niemitz, Mandy University of Ulm Medical Centre - Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, Ulm, Germany , Nyilas, Sylvia Division of Respiratory Medicine - Department of Pediatrics - University Children’s Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland , Schramm, Dirk Department of General Pediatrics - University Children’s Hospital, Du¨sseldorf, Germany , Schubert, Ralf Division for Allergy Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis - Department for Children and Adolescence - Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany , Tamm, Michael Department of Pulmonary Medicine - University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland , Zielen, Stefan Division for Allergy Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis - Department for Children and Adolescence - Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany , Rosewich, Martin Division for Allergy Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis - Department for Children and Adolescence - Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
Abstract :
Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a rare, chronic form of obstructive lung disease, often initiated with injury of the bronchiolar
epithelium followed by an inflammatory response and progressive fibrosis of small airways resulting in nonuniform luminal
obliteration or narrowing. The term BO comprises a group of diseases with different underlying etiologies, courses, and
characteristics. Among the better recognized inciting stimuli leading to BO are airway pathogens such as adenovirus and
mycoplasma, which, in a small percentage of infected children, will result in progressive fixed airflow obstruction, an entity
referred to as postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO). ,e present knowledge on BO in general is reasonably well developed, in part because of the relatively high incidence in patients who have undergone lung transplantation or bone marrow
transplant recipients who have had graft-versus-host disease in the posttransplant period. ,e cellular and molecular pathways
involved in PIBO, while assumed to be similar, have not been adequately elucidated. Since 2016, an international consortium of
experts with an interest in PIBO assembles on a regular basis in Geisenheim, Germany, to discuss key areas in PIBO which include
diagnostic workup, treatment strategies, and research fields.
