An Atypical Presentation of Pediatric Acute NeuropsychiatricSyndrome Responding to Plasmapheresis Treatment

Here we report a case of a 15-year-old female who had originally been diagnosed and treated unsuccessfully for schizophrenia,psychosis, severe anxiety, and depression. More in-depth history revealed an abrupt onset of her symptoms with remote acuteinfections and many exhibited characteristics of obsessive compulsive disorder with rituals. Work-up for underlying infectious,immunodeficiency, and autoimmune causes was unrevealing except for very high levels of anti-neuronal antibodies which havebeen linked to Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS). Treatment options were discussed with the family and itwas decided to use a course of plasmapheresis based on previous studies demonstrating efficacy and its safety profile. After courseof therapy, there was a dramatic resolution of her psychosis, OCD traits, and anxiety. She was able to stop all of her antipsychoticand anxiety medications and resume many of her previous normal daily activities. The effect of this treatment has been sustainedto the present time. This case emphasizes the importance of exploring nontraditional treatments for severe, treatment-resistantmental illness which requires a multidisciplinary approach. Further research is warranted in larger populations to investigatepathomechanisms and treatment of PANs/PANDAs