Limited Renal Intravascular Lymphoma: A Case Report andReview of the Literature

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It is characterized by the proliferationof cancerous cells into the intraluminal space of the blood vessels. It has a low incidence rate of 0.095 cases per 1,000,000. Theclinical presentation is insidious and unspecific, often delaying the diagnosis. IVLBCL can be diagnosed through body imagesand histopathology analysis. This neoplasm averages a 60% response rate to current chemotherapy treatment, favoringrituximab, and doxorubicin-based regimen if it is diagnosed in time. Here, we present the case of a 56-year-old man admitted toour hospital with a fever who was eventually diagnosed with IVLBCL. He presented to the consultation with anemia, fever, andsplenomegaly. An infection panel, a bone marrow biopsy, and a PET-CT scan were performed and ruled out the possibility ofinfections and neoplasms. The patient later developed edematous syndrome. As a result, a renal biopsy was performed whichtested positive for intravascular large B-cell lymphoma. Currently, the patient has been in complete remission for 33 months.Along with presenting this specific case, we also reviewed previously published cases of IVLBCL to illustrate the renalinvolvement of this pathology.