Recurrence of Primary Vascular Leiomyosarcoma Five Years afterInitial Diagnosis in the Lower Extremity

Primary leiomyosarcomas of vascular origin are rare tumors. They frequently arise within the inferior vena cava; however, theperipheral vein was also affected. To date, only a few hundred cases have been reported in the world literature. Although it is anextremely aggressive tumor, the symptoms may be unspecific, especially in the lower extremities. In this report, we present acase of primary vascular leiomyosarcoma, arising from the short saphenous vein, with symptoms mimicking thrombus in theinitial diagnosis. The diagnosis of leiomyosarcomas was confirmed by standard H&E staining and immunohistochemicalstaining. Recurrence of the tumor has been observedfive years after surgical treatment. Due to its rarity, experience in themanagement of this type of tumor is limited. The mainstay of treatment for these tumors is complete surgical resection. Thepurpose of the presented case is to discuss the clinicopathological features and management options of this tumor, under thelight of the most recent literatures.