A Case of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer withPossible(Disease Flare)on Nivolumab Treatment

Recent clinical trials proven the clinically significant efficacy and tolerability of nivolumab, a programmed death 1(PD-1) inhibitor, in previously treated patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Case Presentation. Here, we describe thecase of a patient who experienced possible “disease flare” immediately after initiation of nivolumab treatment. A 54-year-old manwas diagnosed with Stage IIB (T2N1M0) lung adenocarcinoma. After 7 years from recurrence, 10th line chemotherapy, nivolumab,was initiated. Six weeks later, after 3 cycles of nivolumab treatment, rapid lung cancer progression was observed with an increase inthe size of the primary lesion, multiple novel nodules on both lungs, and multiple novel brain metastases.Conclusion.Webelievethat physicians should be made aware that, in a subset of NSCLC patients, disease flare might occur on nivolumab treatment.