Cardiac Relapse of Acute Myeloid Leukemia afterAllogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Secondary or metastatic cardiac tumors are much more common than primary benign or malignant cardiac tumors. Any tumorcan cause myocardial or pericardial metastasis, although isolated or combined tumor invasion of the pericardium is more common.Types of neoplasia with the highest rates of cardiac or pericardial involvement are melanoma, lung cancer, and breast andmediastinal carcinomas. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of acute leukemia in adults. Initial treatmentinvolves chemotherapy followed by consolidation treatment to reduce the risk of relapse. In high-risk patients, the treatment ofchoice for consolidation is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Relapse of AML is the most common cause of HSCTfailure. Extramedullary relapse is rare. The organs most frequently affected, called “sanctuaries,” are the testes, ovaries, and centralnervous system. We present a case with extramedullary relapse in the form of a solid cardiac mass.