Coronary-subclavian steal syndrome in a hemodialysis patient with ipsilateral subclavian artery occlusion and contralateral vertebral artery stenosis “Case Report”

I read the article written by Sağ et al. (1) entitled “Coronarysubclavian steal syndrome in a hemodialysis patient with ipsilateral subclavian artery occlusion and contralateral vertebral artery stenosis “Case Report”” published in Anatol J Cardiol 2016; 16: 542-6 with great interest. It is well known that the use of left internal thoracic artery (LITA) for coronary artery revascularization has been associated with better long-term patency and patient survival than the use of a saphenous venous graft (2). On the other hand, patients with end-stage renal failure (ESRF) are under increased risk of coronary artery disease (3). Unfortunately, patients who need dialysis have been confronted with coronary-subclavian steal syndrome owing to left subclavian artery stenosis or ipsilateral upper extremity arterio-venous fistula (AVF) that gives rise to a low resistance vascular bed (4). Moreover, it is reported that the ipsilateral location of coronary artery bypass with the use of LITA and upper extremity AVF may be associated with an increased risk of cardiac events (5).