Author/Authors :
Ghobadi, Azra Department of Industrial Engineering - Central Tehran Branch - Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran , Tavakkoli Moghadam, Reza School of Industrial Engineering - College of Engineering - University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran , Fallah, Mohammad Department of Industrial Engineering - Central Tehran Branch - Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran , Kazemipoor, Hamed Department of Industrial Engineering - Central Tehran Branch - Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract :
The use of an Electric Vehicle (EV), particularly in different operations of goods distribution is a solution for salvaging the crowded cities of the world from air and noise pollutions as well as Green House Gas (GHG) emission. This paper presents a Multi-Depot Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (MD-EVRP) with recharging stations by considering the expected penalty of fuzzy time windows in pickup/delivery. Since the MD-EVRP with Fuzzy Time Windows and Pickup/Delivery (MD-EVRP-FTW-PD) constraints is an NP-hard problem, three meta-heuristics (i.e., Simulated Annealing (SA), Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) and a hybrid of SA and VNS (VNS-SA)) are used to solve such a hard problem. The parameters of these algorithms are measured by the Taguchi experimental design method. The proposed hybrid VNS-SA algorithm is more efficient in comparison with other algorithms.
Keywords :
Electric Vehicle Routing , Green House Gas Emission , Fuzzy Time Windows , Simulated Annealing , Variable Neighborhood Search
