Changes in delta ADC reflect intracranial pressure changes in craniosynostosis

Background In patients with craniosynostosis, intracranial pressure (ICP) has been reported to increase even in the absence of overt symptoms. The early and non-invasive detection of intracranial hypertension is important for reducing the risk of abnormal brain development in pediatric patients. Purpose To assess whether the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of white matter during the cardiac cycle (ΔADC) would change after surgery to relieve ICP in children with craniosynostosis. Material and Methods This prospective study included ten patients diagnosed with craniosynostosis and four normal controls. All ten patients underwent magnetic resonance (MR) examinations before and after surgical treatment. Single-shot diffusion MR imaging (MRI) triggered by an electrocardiogram was performed, with regions of interest (ROIs) placed on frontal white matter and basal ganglia. Results In all ten patients, ΔADC values after surgery were higher than those before surgery. This difference was statistically significant (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P = 0.005). Conclusion The change in ΔADC in the frontal white matter before and after surgery in patients with craniosynostosis indicates that it might reflect the change in ICP. Measurements of ΔADC could be a promising tool for non-invasive monitoring of ICP.