A comparative ultrasonographic evaluation of intrarenal artery resistive index among hypertensive and normotensive adults in a black African population compared to a European population

Background Hypertensive nephropathy is an important medical problem among the black African population. Early detection of renovascular changes using ultrasonography can provide opportunity for immediate intervention towards preventing or at least delaying the irreversible hypertensive nephropathy. Purpose To compare intrarenal resistive index (RI) in healthy normotensive and hypertensive adults in Kano, Nigeria. Material and Methods A prospective comparative study of intrarenal RI using ultrasound in 150 hypertensives and 150 normotensive controls. The mean renal RI of the interlobar arteries of both kidneys were measured and recorded. The data were analyzed with the aid of computer-based SPSS 16.0 software for Windows. Results The age range of the study participants was 35–70 years. The mean interlobar artery RI values were 0.59 ± 0.04 and 0.59 ± 0.03 on the right and left sides, respectively, in normotensive control individuals while those of hypertensive individuals were 0.73 ± 0.03 and 0.73 ± 0.03 for the mean interlobar artery RI values on the right and left sides, respectively. Conclusion The intrarenal RIs were lower in normotensives when compared with the hypertensive participants, which were statistically significant. These showed that hypertension has significant effects on the kidneys, and with early detection and intervention, irreversible renal damage may be prevented.