Amyloid peptide channels

Amyloid is insoluble protein aggregates which deposits in extracellular part of tissues and organs in different types of clinical disorders. Amyloid deposits can be seen in a broad range of disorders including lots of autoinflammatory disorders to cancers, also in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer and Parkinson to dystrophies. Previous studies have shown that amyloid deposits cause tissue damage and organ failures are present in advanced stage of this damage. Therefore the reason of early toxicity in amyloid deposition has always wondered and attracted attention. A growing body of evidence suggests that these globular form of aggregates damage cells by forming ionpermeable channels in cellular membranes. Expecially in neurodegenerative disorders, globular form of amyloid peptides have shown to form ion-permeable channels. In addition, nearly all amyloid peptides studied so far have been found to form channels. These channels inhibit neuronal signaling, would drain cellular energy stores, disrupt Ca2+ homeostasis, and trigger apoptosis. Nowadays, therapeutic approaches to amyloid disease based on not only inhibiting or reversing aggregation, or removing aggregated proteins but also blocking and distributing formed channels at early stage of the amyloid deposition.