The association between dietary pattern and coronary artery disease: A case-control study

Introduction: Dietary patterns are an important factors in the progress of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to assess the association between dietary patterns and coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: A casecontrol study was carried on 550 participants. Food expenditure was collected using a validated 168item foodfrequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were extracted by principal component analysis (PCA). Multiple logistic regressions was used to assess the association between dietary patterns and the risk of CAD. Results: Three major dietary patterns were identified: the QuasiWestern Pattern was characterized by higher intakes of sweets and desserts, snacks, legumes, honey or jam, ketchup, mayonnaise, yellow vegetables, potatoes, red meat, refined grains; the Sugar and Fast foods Pattern was characterized by higher intakes of sugar, soft drinks, fast foods, highfat dairy, hydrogenated fats, and the QuasiMediterranean Pattern was characterized by higher intakes of fruits, cruciferous vegetables, green leafy vegetables, other vegetables, nuts, coffee. In both sexes, the QuasiWestern Pattern and the Sugar and Fast foods Pattern were positively associated with the risk of CAD. For QuasiWestern Pattern , adjustedORs were (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 0.991.83, P = 0.05) and (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.031.83, P = 0.03)for men and women respectively. The ORs were for Sugar and Fast foods Pattern (OR: 3.64, 95% CI:2.255.89, P lt; 0.001) and (OR: 3.91, 95% CI: 2.426.63, P lt; 0.001) for men and women respectively.There was a significant inverse relationship among QuasiMediterranean pattern and CAD in the crude model in women (OR: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.550.89, P = 0.0.004). Conclusion: High adherence to the QuasiWestern Pattern and SugarFast foods Pattern dietary patterns were associated with a higher risk of CAD. The QuasiMediterranean pattern reduced the risk of CAD.