Author/Authors :
Allameh, Farshad Gastroenterology Ward - Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC) - Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Tehran - Iran , Nemati, Saeed Cancer Research Center - Cancer Institute of Iran - Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Tehran - Iran , Ghalehtaki, Reza Department of Radiation Oncology - Cancer Institute - Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC) - Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Tehran - Iran , Mohammadnejad, Esmaeil Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing and Basic Sciences - School of Nursing and Midwifery - Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Tehran - Iran , Aghili, Mojtaba Department of Emergency Medicine - Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC) - Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Tehran - Iran , Khajavirad, Nasim Department of Internal Medicine - Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC) - Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Tehran - Iran , Beigmohammadi, Mohammad-Taghi Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care - Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC) - Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Tehran - Iran , Salehi, Mohammadreza Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine - Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC) - Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Tehran - Iran , Mirfazaelian, Hadi Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care - Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC) - Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Tehran - Iran , Edalatifard, Maryam Department of Pulmonology - Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC) - Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Tehran - Iran , Kazemizadeh, Hossein Department of Pulmonology - Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC) - Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Tehran - Iran , Dehghan Manshadi, Ali Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine - Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC) - Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Tehran - Iran , Hasannezhad, Maliheh Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine - Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC) - Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Tehran - Iran , Amoozadeh, Laya Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care - Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC) - Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Tehran - Iran , Radnia, Masoud Department of Internal Medicine - Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC) - Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Tehran - Iran , Khatami, Rana Thoracic Research Center - Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Tehran - Iran , Nahvijou, Azin Cancer Research Center - Cancer Institute of Iran - Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Tehran - Iran , Seyyedsalehi, Monireh Sadat Cancer Research Center - Cancer Institute of Iran - Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Tehran - Iran , Rashidian, Laleh Faculty of Medicine - Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Tehran - Iran , Ayoobi Yazdi, Niloofar Department of Radiology - Imam Khomeini Hospital - Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Tehran - Iran , Nasiri Toosi, Mohsen Liver Transplantation Research Center - Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Tehran - Iran , Sadeghniiat-Haghighi, Khosro Occupational Sleep Research Center - Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Tehran - Iran , Jafarian, Ali Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Division - Department of General Surgery - Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex - School of Medicine - Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Tehran - Iran , Yunesian, Masud Department of Environmental Health Engineering - School of Public Health - Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Tehran - Iran , Zendehdel, Kazem Cancer Research Center - Cancer Institute of Iran - Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Tehran - Iran
Abstract :
Background: We studied the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 905 hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC), Tehran, Iran.
Methods: COVID-19 patients were recruited based on clinical symptoms and patterns of computed tomography (CT) imaging between February 20 and March 19. All patients were tested for the presence of COVID-19 RNA. The Poisson regression model estimated the incidence rate ratio (IRR) for different parameters.
Results: The average age (± standard deviation) was 56.9 (±15.7) years and 61.77% were male. The most common symptoms were fever (93.59%), dry cough (79.78%), and dyspnea (75.69%). Only 43.76% of patients were positive for the RT-PCR COVID-19 test. Prevalence of lymphopenia was 42.9% and more than 90% had elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) or C-reactive protein (CRP). About 11% were severe cases, and 13.7% died in the hospital. The median length of stay (LOS) was 3 days. We found higher risks of mortality in patients who were older than 70 years (IRR = 11.77, 95% CI 3.63–38.18), underwent mechanical ventilation (IRR = 7.36, 95% CI 5.06–10.7), were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (IRR = 5.47, 95% CI 4.00–8.38), tested positive on the COVID-19 test (IRR = 2.80, 95% CI 1.64–3.55), and reported a history of comorbidity (IRR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.07–2.89) compared to their corresponding reference groups. Hydroxychloroquine therapy was not associated with mortality in our study.
Conclusion: Older age, experiencing a severe form of the disease, and having a comorbidity were the most important prognostic factors for COVID-19 infection. Larger studies are needed to perform further subgroup analyses and verify high-risk groups.
