The Effects of the Family‑centered Empowerment Model on Self‑efficacy and Self‑esteem among the Family Caregivers of Patients with Prosthetic Heart Valve: A Controlled Clinical Trial

Background: Patients with heart valve disease need to receive long‑term care from their family members after surgical valve replacement. Thus, family caregivers should have adequate self‑efficacy for patient care. Objectives: This study examined the effects of the family‑centered empowerment model (FCEM) on self‑efficacy and self‑esteem among the family caregivers of patients with prosthetic heart valve. Methods: In this quasi‑experimental study, forty patients together with one of their family caregivers were consecutively recruited and allocated to an intervention or a control group. The FCEM was used in three to five sessions for patients in the intervention group. Besides, we sent their family caregivers educational cards containing the same educations provided to their patients. Finally, an educational session was held for family caregivers in which their questions were answered and each of them was provided with an educational booklet containing the same materials as the educational cards. Patients and their family members in the control group received routine care. Self‑efficacy and self‑esteem of family caregivers were assessed before, 1 week, and 1.5 months after the intervention. Data analysis was performed through the independent‑samples t‑test and the repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Before the intervention, the mean scores of self‑efficacy in the control and the intervention groups were 26.68 ± 4.79 and 26.79 ± 5.49, whereas the mean scores of self‑esteem in these groups were 33.74 ± 4.55 and 33.84 ± 4.72, respectively. None of the between‑group differences were significant. After the intervention, the mean scores of self‑efficacy and self‑esteem in the intervention group were significantly greater than the control group (37.32 ± 2.68 versus. 29.89 ± 2.20 and 36.26 ± 3.66 versus. 29.26 ± 5.84; P < 0.05). Conclusion: The use of the FCEM promotes self‑efficacy and self‑esteem among the family caregivers of patients with prosthetic heart valve.