The antibacterial antibiofilm activity of Punica granatum peel aqueous extract against some oral pathogen

This study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial antibiofilm activity of Punica granatum peel aqueous extract against oral pathogens from patients suffering from gingivitis and dental carrier. These isolates were 58.8% gram positive (Lactobacillus spp. ,Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aurus) and 41.2% gram negative (Klebseilla pneumonia and pseudomonas aeruginosa). The susceptibility of these different bacterial species toward the aqueous extract of this plant was applied by using well diffusion agar method. The results were compared with each other and with selected antibiotic ciprofloxacin as positive control. Results showed that aqueous extract of Punica granatum had antibacterial activity against all isolates, on which the diameter of inhibition zone at concentration 200 mg/ml of this extract was 24mm for Lactobacillus spp and 23 mm for Staph aureus and P.aeruginosa, while the Streptococcus spp. was only 18 mm. . Also antibiotic sensitivity test was done for these isolates towards locally used drugs which ordinarily used to treat gingivitis and dental carrier. The results showed a resistance for most of these antibiotic and illustrated that most isolated bacteria undergo decreasing in biofilm formation activates after incubated with MIC of aqueous extract , this changing in biofilme formation activity for isolated bacteria was determined due to the average of optical density (O.D) at 540 nm.IntroductionIn the different sites of the mouth, the bacteria are able of cohabiting in saprophytism, depending directly on many factors such as pH, availability of nutrients and natural of mucous surface. The establishment and maintenance of oral microbiota is related to inter bacterial co aggregation and biofilm formation, which constitute the primary etiologic agents of oral diseases(1). The plaque (biofilm)related infection such as dental caries and Periodontal disease represent two most common types of dental disease. The dental plaque provides ground for the inhabitancy of pathogenic bacteria that lead to the tooth decay, where bacterial processes change sugar in food left on tooth to acid that demineralization hard tooth structure from calcium and progressively break down(2).The demineralization which caused particularly by Streptococcus bacteria occurs within dental plaque that adheres to the tooth surfa