Smart Grid Applications in the US: Technical Potential and Regulatory Barriers

Smart Grid refers to the design and implementation of a modern electrical power transmission and distribution system that incorporates intelligent controls. The sophistication of the control strategy and the controllers is a subject for debate and discussion. In this paper, a general review of the many interpretations of Smart Grid is presented, and available and proposed Smart Grid technologies are discussed. Various systems are described, and a matrix of potential benefits or risks is analyzed. The hierarchy of the more prevalent Smart Grid protocols are assessed and weighted against the risks for the overall safety of the grid and the benefits for the users. Finally, some case studies of utility experiences with pilot projects are reviewed and discussed.