The Protein Subcellular Mislocalization in Human Cancers

Several sets of proteins exist in eukaryotic cells wherein accurately localized in appropriate cellular locations containing plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus and different membrane-enclosed organelles. Each protein is involved in distinct biochemical processes within the normal cell; therefore, the correct subcellular localization of protein is vital; as it provides the physiological context for protein function. However, protein mislocalization described as changing the appropriate subcellular localization of protein, was reported as a key feature of many proteins in a variety of human cancers 1. Mislo-calization has important implications in alteration of activation condition, biological function and interaction network of a protein. Particularly, the aberrant localization of tumor-suppressor proteins and proto-oncoproteins can alter their func-tions, respectively in either suppressing or supporting the cancer initiation in normal cells whereby cancer development, metastasis and drug resistance are increased