The Development of Mining Law in the Ottoman Empire (1861-1906)

During the classical period the Ottoman mines were worked by the state but in second half of the 19th century state mines were opened Ottoman and foreign investors. Since 1858 Arazi Kanunnâmesi dealt only with the possession of mine, state authorities passed the first mining law in 1861 and supplanted it with new regulations in 1869, 1887 and 1896 to fill the legal gaps. These regulations dealt with the classification of mines, mining concessions, taxes, the responsibilities of the concessionaries, concession terms. In addition, the regualions included important issues such as the health and safety of the workers.