Relationship of Human Nature with Education According to The Ideas of John Dewey and İsmail Hakkı Tonguç

The training of people has been a matter of importance throughout the history. There are many opinions about what to teach and how to teach people. According to different approaches, the method is also different as well as the purpose of education. Determining what human nature is the element that determines the purpose of education. It is noteworthy that opinions about human nature are effective in determining the purpose and method of education. Therefore, the concept of human nature has an important role in this research. In this study, it was aimed to examine the effects of education on human nature according to the educational philosophical views of John Dewey and İsmail Tonguç who influenced many people with their thoughts and actions from their time until now. In the present study, the thoughts of John Dewey and İsmail Tonguç on human nature were discussed in terms of education. Also, human nature and educational perspectives have been put forth and studied comparatively. These thinkers tried to reach similar aims despite their differences. It is noteworthy that they adopted a philosophy of education according to the needs of their time and they tried to demonstrate their thoughts through education. It is seen that these philosophers prioritize the human nature and emphasize the consideration of human nature in determining the aims and methods of education. Dewey and Tonguç who adopted universal values, expect individuals growing through education to adopting universal values and have a conscience of social life.