Influence of Bacterial Endotoxins on Bone Marrow and Blood Components in Rats

Endotoxins (Lipopolysaccharide, LPS) a component of the bacterial wall of gram-negative, has been recognized as one of the most potent bacterial products in the induction of host inflammatory responses and tissue injury and was used in this study to mimic infections. LPS induces the production and release of several cytokines. In response to these cytokines, the different effects of endotoxins were seeen. The effect of three types of endotoxins (Escherichia coli. Klebsiella pneumoriae and Samonella typhimurium) on bone marrow differential counts and peripherial blood parameters including erythrocytes, leukocytes (total and differential) and platelets count and hemoglobin content hematocrit were investigated in adult male rats. Male spraguo Dawely albino rats weighting 220-250 gm were used in the study. Rats were injected i.p. (1 mg/kg body weight) with single dose of 3 types of endotoxins. Blood samples were collected from the experimental animals at 24 and 72 hr of the injection. At 72 hr the bone marrow aspirations were harvested from femur of the rats for microscopic examination. Endotoxins induced different changes in the cells of bone marrow. Also, lipopolysaccharide caused significant decreases in red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets count, hemoglobin content and hematocrit perecent. Data of the present study point out to important recommendation especially for the drugs. These drugs must have an amount of endotoxins not more than that allowed according to suitable pharmacopeia. Lemulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test is the specific test used for determination of the endotoxins limit. This recommendation must be achieved to avoid the toxic effects of endotoxins