β-Catenin and Its Alteration in an Experimental Model of Diabetic Nephropathy

Introduction. The aim of our study was to determine whether β-catenin, a subunit of the cadherin protein complex in the podocyte cytoskeleton, would be altered by hyperglycemia and advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) in glomerular epithelial cells and podocytes in vitro. Materials and Methods. Rat glomerular epithelial cells and mouse podocytes on bovine serum albumin-coated or AGE-coated plates with normal (5 mM) and high (30 mM) glucose doses were cultured and examined for the distribution of β-catenin using confocal microscopy and changes in β-catenin production by western blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, at 48 hours, 4 weeks, and 10 weeks. Results. Immunofluorescent staining revealed that β-catenin and α-actinin were colocalized around the cell membrane, and that β-catenin staining was most intense along the capillary loops, but moved internally toward the inner actin filaments in the presence of AGE and hyperglycemia. In western blot analysis, AGE and hyperglycemia significantly decreased the amount of β-catenin proteins by 31.5% at 48 hours, compared with normal control conditions (P .01). The expression for β-catenin mRNA in AGE and hyperglycemia was also decreased by 59.6% at 24 hours, compared with that of normal glucose conditions (P .01). No significant changes were seen in the osmotic controls. Conclusions. Our results suggest that AGE and hyperglycemia may induce the cytoplasmic redistribution of β-catenin and inhibit the production of β-catenin at the transcriptional and posttranslational levels, which may result in the development of kidney dysfunction in diabetic conditions.