THE FIRST TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE AESTHETIC METHODOLOGY, THE INFLUENCE OF MARX AND KANT, HEGEL

The term of aesthetic was put forward by German philosopher A. G. Baumgarten in the mid-18th century. Since Baumgarten in the historical process, the way aesthetic philosophy came into existence, process of its methodology, hypothetical principles and scientific methods have always been based on the methodology of philosophy. At this point, some philosophers have been determinative to change the general methodology and perspective of aesthetics. Thus, by virtue of these theorists aesthetics have philosophical characteristics and their sources, targets, metaphysical processes and methodologies have been institutionalized. The thought of aesthetics made progress in the 18th century when art was theoretically and historically analyzed. This progress was made especially because of certain philosophers. Hegel, Kant and Marx can be given as examples. Kant based the terms of aesthetics, aesthetic experience and beauty totally on subjective basis and with the dialectic of aesthetic judgment power he introduced the perception of criticism to aesthetics and art. Hegel doctrinated art in the light of modern philosophy and introduced the concepts such as talent and technique to the field of aesthetics. While these philosophers systematized the aesthetics, after 1940s materialist Marxist dialectic replaced the Hegelian dialectic. Marx was the architect of this change. In this study, the aim is to put forward the general laws of aesthetic philosophy, understanding of aesthetic and art in the conversation process of aesthetic process into an idealistic materialistic dialectic and its relationship with other fields of art.