Theory of Mind Development in Children with Down Syndrome

Individuals with Down syndrome encounter various difficulties throughout their social life. During social interactions, making sense of their own or others’ mental states such as desires, beliefs and emotions, making decisions as to which of the behaviors is suitable for any situation may pose a great challenge for them. Consequently, the theory of mind (ToM) skills of people with Down syndrome hinder their adaptation to real life situations. On the other hand, insufficiencies in theory of mind skills may lead to difficulties in terms of peer interaction and self perception. In this study, studies related to development of theory of mind skills which affect the academic success and social abilities of people with Down syndrome were surveyed. The results of the studies hint at lack of ToM skills of the people with Down syndrome. It is observed that in task related to evaluation of mind theory, performance of individuals with Down syndrome vary. Researchers claim that the development of ToM skills people with Down syndrome is affected by their age, IQ, and individual characteristics as well as external factors. Results of the review were discussed in terms of their impact on the education of mentally retarded individuals.