Three Populısm of the Constıtutıonal Monarchy and Their Effects on Kemalist Populism

Both as a movement and as a thought, Populism entered to the Turkish world of thinking with the development of Second Constitutional Revolution’s intellectuals. Constitutional Monarchy Populism’s roots can be found in the Russian Narodnik Movement and it developed in a three distinct way: 1- Populism of Ziya Gokalp, 2-Towards the People Committee’s Populism and 3- Populism of Yusuf Akçura. Kemalist Populism was built upon the historical heritage of the Constitutional Monarchy Populism and it was affected particularly from Gökalp’s and Akçura’s way of thinking. However these signs came close to the Third Class understanding of the French Revolution by the same degree and it was mixed with the solidarity thought connecting national unity-integrity and producing a new and original understanding of populism. In this sense, Kemalist Populism came to the scene as the most fundamental unity policy in the course of nation and nation state building.